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Review
of Literatures of the European Union
Sections:
I-Inclusion II-Dissemination
III-Contamination
Section
I - Inclusion
Özlem Berk (Mugla Üniversitesi,
Türkiye)
Translating
the “West”: The Position of Translated
Western Literature within the Turkish Literary
Polysystem 
- Abstract
Marie Vrinat-Nikolov,
Krassimira Tchilingirova (INALCO, Paris, France)
Création
et diversification du canon littéraire
bulgare (XIXe – XXe siècles):
entre tradition nationale et innovation par
la traduction
- Abstract
›Title
in English: Creation and
Diversification of the Bulgarian Literary
Canon (19-20th century): Between National
Tradition and Innovation by Translation
Cristina Gómez Castro (Universidad
de Léon, España)
¿Traduzione
Tradizione? El polisistema literario español
durante la dictadura franquista: la censura
- Abstract
›Title in English: Traduzione Tradizione?
The Spanish Literary Polysystem Under Franco’s
Dictatorship: The Censorship Mechanism
Ondrej Vimr (Univerzita Karlova, Praha, Ceská
Republika)
When the
Iron Curtain Falls: Scandinavian-Czech Translation
1890-1950
- Abstract
Maria Orphanidou-Fréris (Université
Aristote, Thessalonique)
Les
jeux de l’écriture ou les problèmes
culturels à travers la traduction
– Abstract
›Title
in English: The subtleties of writing
or the cultural problems across the process
of translation
Section II
- Dissemination
Carol O’Sullivan (University of Portsmouth,
UK)
Around
the Continent in 99 Exercises: Tracking the
Movements of the Exercices de style
- Abstract
Gilles Quentel (Uniwersytet Gdanski, Polska)
The
Translations of H.C. Andersen’s Fairy
Tales on the European Literary Scene
- Abstract
Adelino Braz (Université de Paris I,
Panthéon-Sorbonne, France)
L’intraduisible
en question: l’étude de la saudade
- Abstract
›Title
in English:
The Question of the Untranslatable: A Study
About the saudade
Section III
- Contamination
Massimiliano Morini (Università degli
Studi di Udine, Italia)
Norms,
Difference, and the Translator: Or, How to
Reproduce Double Difference
- Abstract
Françoise
Wuilmart
(ISTI, Bruxelles, Belgique)
La
traduction littéraire: source d’enrichissement
de la langue d’accueil
- Abstract
›Title
in English: Literary
Translation: source of enrichment of the target
language
Tal Goldfajn (University of Tel-Aviv, Israel)
Non-Homeland:
When Translation Is Not a Footnote
- Abstract
Sharon Lubkeman Allen (State University of
New York, USA)
Makine’s
Testament: Transposition, Translation, Translingualism,
and the Transformation of the Novel
- Abstract
Section I - Inclusion
Özlem
Berk
(Mugla Üniversitesi, Türkiye)
Translating
the “West”: The Position of Translated
Western Literature within the Turkish Literary
Polysystem
Abstract:
Literary translations from the Western languages
played an important role and function in the
Turkish modernisation process, as manifested
in the form of Westernisation starting in
the mid-nineteenth century. This essay is
examines the position of translated Western
literatures within the Turkish literary polysystem.
A historical-descriptive study of literary
translations from Europe from the mid-nineteenth
century onwards reveals that these translations
not only helped to enrich the target literary
system, bringing new literary models (genres),
new subject matter, developing the language
and giving rise to a new Turkish literature,
they also had an effect upon the broader socio-cultural
polysystem, especially on the process of identity
creation.
Keywords:
Turkey, literary translations, Westernisation,
modernisation, asymmetrical relationships,
cultural policies
Marie
Vrinat-Nikolov, Krassimira Tchilingirova (INALCO,
Paris, France)
Création
et diversification du canon littéraire
bulgare (XIXe – XXe siècles):
entre tradition nationale et innovation par
la traduction
›Title
in English: Creation and
Diversification of the Bulgarian Literary
Canon (19-20th century): Between National
Tradition and Innovation by Translation
Abstract:
This article examines the place of translated
literature within the Bulgarian literary system,
the specific modes of culture transfer from
the European literature during three key periods
of Bulgarian literary history: the Bulgarian
national revival, early twentieth century
and during the communist regime. It raises
recent critical debates about the place of
translated literature within the Bulgarian
national literary polysystem that is the process
of taking shape, the choice of texts and authors
for translation, the translation practices
that emanate from the projects of translators
and their conceptions of the role of translation,
the specific forms of “the experience
of the foreign” (openness and permeability
to other cultures, profusion of translation
and evolution of perspective in translation).
Keywords:
Literary canon, Socialist realism, Bulgarization,
Openness, Europeanization
Cristina
Gómez Castro (Universidad de Léon,
España)
¿Traduzione
Tradizione? El polisistema literario español
durante la dictadura franquista: la censura
›Title in English:
Traduzione Tradizione? The Spanish Literary
Polysystem Under Franco’s Dictatorship:
The Censorship Mechanism
Abstract:
Subject to external constraints that changed
according to the period, the Spanish literary
production has witnessed how new trends and
ideas have permeated it. This influence has
come most of the times thanks to the translation
of works from other literary traditions. In
this way, translated works have sometimes
positioned themselves in a central place in
the Spanish literary polysystem: my objective
here is to show the role translations from
narrative works originally written in English
played in the development of the Spanish native
production during the years that Franco’s
dictatorship lasted (1939-1975). It will be
seen how the cliché Traduzione Tradizione
appears a truthful one in the development
of the Spanish literary tradition.
Keywords:
literary polysystem, francoism, translation,
pseudotranslation, censorship
Ondrej
Vimr (Univerzita Karlova, Praha, Ceská
Republika)
When
the Iron Curtain Falls: Scandinavian-Czech
Translation 1890-1950
Abstract:
A prolific translator from the Scandinavian
languages into Czech, Hugo Kosterka (1867-1956)
appears to be an emblematic as well as unique
translator and culture mediator of the constitutional
period of Scandinavian-Czech translation.
Following his activities as translator, publisher
and cultural activist over a period of 60
years (1890-1950), i.e. during the fin-de-siècle,
between the wars, and on the eve of the establishment
of the Communist regime, we can observe the
literary, social and political context of
translation change in the Bohemian Lands.
The translator had to adapt continually to
the exiting climate, while the main shifts
concerned professionalisation, normativisation
and politisation of translation.
Keywords:
translation history, normativisation, professionalisation,
politisation, Czech translation, Scandinavia.
Maria Orphanidou-Fréris
(Université Aristote, Thessalonique)
Les
jeux de l’écriture ou les problèmes
culturels à travers la traduction
›
Title in English: The
subtleties of writing or the cultural problems
across the process of translation
Abstract:
On the basis of the principle that translation
often gives us a partial concept of the context
of the source text, sharing in other words
the idea that the act of translating is not
well and truly a professional knowledge but
also and above all a cultural activity or
even a literary one, we will show, basing
particularly on the ideas of Henri Meschonnic,
the way in which the collection of short stories
Les Passantes, written by the French author
Sylviane Roche – who lives and works
in Lausanne, considering herself a French-speaking
Romande – was translated in modern Greek.
Within this practice, and particularly the
literary one, the translation process aims
mainly at adapting the context of the source
language to the target language. This is why
the translator often «imagines»
pictures, expressions and styles which differ
from those of the original context. In this
way, the reader of the final text receives
an «unfaithful» message according
to certain people, a «betrayed»
one according to others, in any case a definitely
«different» message. And the picture
he perceives of the translated language code
is an «invented» one, if not a
falsified one, on the grounds of understanding.
Hence the need to view translation not as
a simple operation of transcoding of elements
or a transfer of equivalent meanings, but
as a kind of language act which is structured
upon a variety of discursive mechanisms that
can be rendered in their entirety.
Keywords: literary translation
– rhythm – adaptation –
equivalence – discursive mechanism.
Section II - Dissemination
Carol
O’Sullivan (University of Portsmouth,
UK)
Around
the Continent in 99 Exercises: Tracking the
movements of the Exercices
de style
Abstract:
This article examines the translational
movements of Raymond Queneau’s Exercices
de style (1947) in English and Italian translation.
Adaptations and versions in other media as
well as other languages are considered as
evidence of the text’s profile in the
target polysystem. The article employs a combination
of textual and systemic approaches with a
view to accounting for the much greater impact
of the Italian translation, and for the text’s
greater popularity in the United States than
in Britain.
It is argued that Queneau’s innovative
text may be considered to exemplify the ways
in which texts circulate in translation and
adaptation, gathering fresh energy and eventually
returning to refresh and reinvigorate the
original source language.
Keywords: Raymond Queneau;
Exercices de style; translation; Stefano Benni;
comics
Gilles
Quentel (Uniwersytet Gdanski, Polska)
The
Translations of H.C. Andersen’s Fairy
Tales on the European Literary Scene
Abstract:
This paper aims at analysing the situation
of H.C. Andersen Fairy Tales translations
into several European Languages (French, Spanish,
Norwegian, Polish and the Celtic languages).
It considers both the translation strategies
used in each case by the translator from a
socio-cultural point of view, and the situation
of these translations on the literary scenes
of these countries. Finally, it examines several
European languages in which Andersen’s
Fairy Tales were not fully translated, and
search the reasons why a translation of such
a famous work is missing in some cultural
contexts.
It seems thus quite promising to explore the
phenomena from the point of view of translation
theory, in the light of Itamar Even-Zohar’s
polysystem theory.
Keywords: translation, Andersen,
polysystem, Fairy tales, Europe
Adelino
Braz (Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne,
France)
L’intraduisible
en question: l’étude de la saudade
›Title
in English: The Question of the
Untranslatable: A Study About the saudade
Abstract:
The existence of singular expressions, belonging
to a particular culture, raises the question
on how is it possible to transpose linguistic
facts to a reality in which such facts do
not exist. Our reflection sets on stage the
statute of the untranslatable through the
example of the saudade, a term considered
untranslatable and characteristic of Portuguese
identity, to show that such untranslatable
elements appear as a constitutive of the experience
of translation
Keywords:
saudade, Pessoa, translation, culture
Section III - Contamination
Massimiliano
Morini (Università degli Studi di Udine,
Italia)
Norms,
Difference, and the Translator: Or, How to
Reproduce Double Difference
Abstract:
Though Scotland has an ancient and thriving
literary tradition, Scottish authors, in Britain
and abroad, have either been ignored or presented
as British. In Italy, while there is an awareness
of Irish, Australian, or Indian literature,
Scottish writers are rarely recognized as
such. This is also due to the difficulty of
rendering the difference between English and
the Scots often employed by Scottish authors:
Italian translators, whether of their own
free will or to prevent editorial censorship
and reviewers’ censure, usually render
Scots (when they do) with a non-standard,
low-register version of Italian. In the article,
a more inventive strategy – exemplified
by the author’s translation of Lewis
Grassic Gibbon’s Sunset Song –
is proposed, and the reactions which the employment
of this strategy elicited are observed.
Keywords:
translation, norms, English language, Scots,
Lewis Grassic Gibbon
Françoise
Wuilmart
(ISTI, Bruxelles, Belgique)
La
traduction littéraire: source d’enrichissement
de la langue d’accueil
›Title
in English: Literary
Translation: source of enrichment of the target
language
Abstract
In any literary text, language carries through
a certain “message”, not only
through its lexicon, but through its phonemes
and melody as well. This is not replicable
in its entirety in a different language, which
functions according to a different system.
In an ideal exchange, all speakers should
be able to express themselves in their own
language, after acquiring a passive knowledge
of the language of the Other, which would
optimize reciprocal understanding.
Nonetheless translation remains unavoidable,
for one cannot learn all languages. Therefore
the translator is faced with two options:
being a “targetist” or a “sourcist”.
The translation process can contribute to
open up the source language to the Other,
by integrating the “foreign” approach
to things, as well as fertilising it through
linguistic and cultural foreign peculiarities.
In order to better acquire this scope, the
target language could on the one hand draw
from its cultural, geographical and temporal
mutation, and on the other hand creatively
exploit its structures. The translator will
so produce a “third language”,
located halfway between the two cultures which
are embraced in a single text: that of translation.
Keywords: literary translation,
“targetist”, “sourcist”,
openness, Walter Benjamin, Jean-René
Ladmiral, passive competence, third language
Tal
Goldfajn (University of Tel-Aviv, Israel)
Non-Homeland:
When Translation Is Not a Footnote
Abstract:
With the “normalization” of Hebrew
and its establishment as an all-purpose vernacular
in British-ruled Palestine, the multilingual
factor – namely, the heteroglossia of
the European literary and cultural context
which had always been an underlying condition
of modern Hebrew literature along the 19th
Century – comes to occupy a different
position with a different role within the
constellation of contemporary Israeli Hebrew
literature. This paper deals with literary
heteroglossia and looks at a few instances
of fictional representations of language contacts
in contemporary Israeli Hebrew literature.
More specifically, it investigates the presence
of European languages in Israeli multilingual
texts, such as in Yoel Hoffman’s literary
texts.
Keywords:
multilingualism, translation, Israeli Hebrew
literature, Yoel Hoffmann
Sharon Lubkeman Allen
(State University of New York, USA)
Makine’s
Testament: Transposition, Translation, Translingualism,
and the Transformation of the Novel
Abstract:
This essay considers Makine’s fiction
as emblematic of a literature of exile that
extends into an increasingly ex-centric European
polysystem the polyphonic aesthetics of an
eccentric culture, peculiarly conscious of
the ambivalent capacities of translation—to
authorize publication; to challenge the authority
of both “original” and “secondary”
literary tradition; to guarantee and, at the
same time, undermine “authenticity;”
to double, defer, displace authorship. It
critically reconsiders the contribution of
writers such as Makine, to Russian, French,
and transnational literature, by cross-examining
the multiple manifestions of translation in
his novels through the layered critical lenses
of Even-Zohar’s, Deleuze and Guattari’s,
Bakhtin’s, and Lotman’s work in
linguistics, narrative theory, and cultural
semiotics.
Keywords: Makine, translation,
pseudotranslation, transnationalism, eccentricity.
Bibliography
Presentation
of Issue n. 4
|
