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Review
of Literatures of the European Union
Paul
Mengal (Université de Paris XII)
L'âme
de la cave au grenier. Les topologies de l'âme
et l'origine de l'inconscient  -
Abstract
›Title
in English: From the cellar to the attic:
typologies of the soul and origins of the
unconscious
Henri
Béhar (Université de Paris III
- La Sorbonne Nouvelle)
Dada
comme phénomène européen.
Irruption de l'inconscient dans la littérature
- Abstract
›Title
in English: Dada as a European phenomenon.
The irruption of unconscious in literature
Eduardo
Saccone (University of Cork)
Repetita: iuvant? Il caso de La coscienza di Zeno
- Abstract
›Title
in English: "Repetita Juvant?"
- a study of La coscienza di
Zeno
Eric
S. Rabkin (University of Michigan)
Metamorphosis,
the Mechanism of Repression and the evolution
of the unconscious in european literature
- Abstract
Clara
Muscatello and Paolo Scudellari (Università
di Bologna)
Una
incursione letteraria e antropologica nel
mondo della mania: Giorni
Felici di Samuel Beckett
- Abstract
›Titre
in English: A Literary and anthropologic
incursion in the world of Mania: Samuel Beckett's
Happy Days
Romolo
Rossi and Lisa Attolini (Università
di Genova)
L'Arte
del guarire o guarire con l'arte
- Abstract
›Titre
in English: Art is the cure
Paul
Mengal (Université de Paris XII)
L'âme
de la cave au grenier. Les topologies de l'âme
et l'origine de l'inconscient
›Title
in English: From
the cellar to the attic: typologies of the
soul and origins of the unconscious
Abstract
An analysis of the spatial representation
of the soul is necessary when considering
the history of the discipline named "psychologia"
and its idea of dualism at the end of the
XVI century together with the shape that Descartes
will give to it at the end of XVII century.
The analysis of both the "not-extended-in-space"
and thinking soul and the spatial organization
of the human psyche, requires also an analysis
of the spatial images and metaphors of the
soul; the image of the house is definitely
one of the most used to represent its hierarchic
system. Thanks to this analysis, Mengal claims
in the article, it is possible to demonstrate
that rationalist theories and especially dualist
theories - such as Descartes one - are not
inclined to talk about the soul in topological
terms. Anti-mechanicist theories linked to
Mystique and later on Romanticism, will instead
use spatial images and representation for
the soul.
Keywords: soul, space, psychicism,
dualism, topology
Henri
Béhar (Université de Paris III
- La Sorbonne Nouvelle)
Dada comme
phénomène européen. Irruption
de l'inconscient dans la littérature
›Title
in English: Dada
as a European phenomenon. The irruption of
unconscious in literature
Abstract
Starting with Tzara's Dada Manifesto,
Dada imposes itself as an international movement
focusing on his central and influent role,
among European Avant-garde literary context.
Dada has carried on an intense and deep reflection
on art and life, asking artists to questions
themselves on these issues and their possible
representation through arts. Tzara's intense
activity between 1915 and 1925, and his collaborations
with the most eminent figures in European
arts and literature (Futurists in Italy, Expressionists
in Germany, Cubists in France) show his will
of creating a movement that wants to be an
"International Anti-Art" beyond
any cultural or geographical frontiers. From
a point of view of techniques, Dada makes
use of photomontage, collage, collective writing,
dream-writing, and poetry collective writing.
Keywords: Dada, Tzara, movement,
avantgarde, Europe
Eduardo
Saccone (University of Cork)
Repetita: iuvant? Il caso de La coscienza di Zeno
›Title
in English: "Repetita Juvant?"
- a study of La coscienza di
Zeno
Abstract
What is repeated, reaffirmed, reviewed, ri-ordered,
the repetition of disguised, the reiteration
of what has been lived already, seems to be
central in Italo Svevo's La coscienza
di Zeno. Svevo has unveiled the unconscious
and its mechanisms and representations, through
his writing, and in the short stories written
between 1888 and 1890, before Freud's theories.
The one presented in Svevo's novel is an unconscious
that is revealed through missed acts, thoughts
and behaviours of the characters. The general
theme of the novel seems to be then illness,
that becomes synonyms, according to a sort
of lapsus, of 'life', as if illness could
be assimilated to a whole life.
Keywords: Svevo, consciousness,
psychoanalysis, fiction, illness
Eric S. Rabkin
(University of Michigan)
Metamorphosis,
the Mechanism of Repression and the evolution
of the unconscious in european literature
Abstract
By examining the stories of metamorphosing
characters, we can trace the development of
an idea of the unconscious as a reflex of
repression. Literary metamorphoses reveal
diverse mechanism of repression that themselves
reveal an historical development from the
personal to the social. Sometimes, of course,
repression, especially social repression (see
Marx, Freud, and Fromm) is socially desirable.
If prior repression is comfortable for the
individual (see Skinner), no metamorphosis
is needed and there is no drama, no struggle
for expression. As mechanism of social repression
become more powerful and impersonal in the
industrial world, literature, becomes a favored
medium for the expression of the individual
unconscious. Especially in the twentieth century,
literary metamorphosis offers a uniquely powerful
opening for criticism on the social mechanism
of repression.
Keywords: metamorphosis,
Kafka, repression, expression, mechanism
Clara
Muscatello and Paolo Scudellari (Università
di Bologna)
Una
incursione letteraria e antropologica nel
mondo della mania: Giorni
Felici di Samuel Beckett
›Titre
in English: A Literary and anthropologic
incursion in the world of Mania: Samuel Beckett's
Happy Days
Abstract
The psychopathological condition of mania
according to Winnicot and Bion theories is
used to the analysis of Samuel Beckett's Happy
Days as a sharp representation of this
state; in Beckett's text and in particular
in Winnie's monologue and attitude, existential
desolation is revealed. The position of the
characters on stage and Winnie attempt to
fill silences with a continuous stream of
words render, according to Muscatello and
Scudellari, a realistic and desperate picture
of maniac discourse topos and fixed schemes.
Creative thought is substituted by maniac
'non-thought' and stereotyped linguistic forms
on futile topics that is a way of escaping
from the 'lost object' that remains undefined
in Beckett's text, and that is maybe the existential
emptiness felt by the characters.
Keywords: Beckett, mania,
non-thought, language, psychopathology
Romolo Rossi et Lisa Attolini
(Università di Genova)
L'Arte
del guarire o guarire con l'arte
- Abstract
›Titre
in English: Art is the cure
Rossi’s essay is about the important
role that art and literature are playing in
the evolution and in the practice of psychiatry.
In particular the idea that emerges in the
article is that art can change the normal
functioning of mentally ill mind, because
it provokes a recuperation of «empathy».
Empathy is how we are able to acquire the
others’ psychological data and it is
also the source of the spectator’s feelings
in front of a work of art. Through the study
of different works of art, from Kafka’s
Metamorphoses, to Campana’s poetry but
most of all in Proust’s writings, Rossi
shows how ideas derived from art can be a
form of «transformed sufferance»
leading to accept separation. Separation is
necessary for the elaboration of mourning,
allowing the re-appropriation of the object
lost so to enrich the Self and to structure
personal Identity.
Keywords:
Proust, Campana, empathy, cure, sufferance
Bibliography
Presentation of
Issue n. 6
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